Dr. Coles received a new FDA grant that will evaluate the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), a patient-reported outcome measure. Men and women experience heart failure differently and they may each interpret questions on the KCCQ in their own way. Using differential item functioning and qualitative interviews, the research team—including the Mayo Clinic, FDA, and Dr. John Spertus, MD, the developer of the KCCQ—will investigate if observed group variations by gender are due to true differences and/or biased estimates, then provide preliminary recommendations for or against the need to modify the KCCQ for use in clinical research.